GEOLOGY BOARD EXAM REVIEWER (PETROMIN) PHILIPPINES -PART 2-

Day 2 AdU x PSU Geology Review

Petrology and Mineralogy

Part 2

1. Produced when lightning melt a rock sufficiently.

a. maltesite

b. ignimbrite

c. fulgurite

d. alundisite

2. Burning of coal beds may generate enough heat to fuse surrounding sediments or rock. What do you call the scoriaceous glasses produced and are also known as clinkers?

a. frothy glass

b. libyan desert glass

c. ash glass

d. sed glass

3. A rise in silica and alkalis is generally accompanied by a fall in ______________.

a. MgO and CaO

b. Iron oxides

b. Al2O3

d. Both a and b

4. Igneous rocks are also divided into the calc-alkaline and alkaline suites. Where does granite belong to?

a. calc-alkaline

b. alkaline

c.either

d. neither

5. By an increase of alkalis and the decrease of SiO2, granite will grade into ___________

a. feldspathoids

b. syenites

c. granodiorite

d. gabbro

6. Extreme reduction of SiO2 while maintaining high alkalis leads eventually to alkaline ultrabasic rocks such as ________ which is a rare proxene nepheline rock quite devoid of feldpsar

a. theralite

b. teschenite

c. ijolite

d. basanite

7. This is the percentage of ferromagnesian minerals in any rock

a. mafic percentage

b. color index

c. mafic trend

d. mafic scale

8. Minerals that usually contains 2% H2O

a. olivine and augite

b. augite and hornblende

c. hornblende and biotite

d. biotite and muscovite

9. Lunar meteorites or lunaites and martian meteorites are under what classification of meteorites?

a. achondrites

b. chondrites

c. stony irons

d. carbonaceous chondrites

10. This is a rock formed by metasomatic alteration associated particularly with carbonatite intrusions and created very rarely by advanced CO2 alteration or carbonation of felsic and mafic rocks.

a. hornfels

b. granulite

c. theralite

d. fenite

11. This is any dark-coloured igneous rocks used to produced crushed stone

a. industrial rocks

b. trap rocks

c. aggregates

d. "greywacke" type basalts

12. Metamorphosed granite composed of green epidote and pink orthoclase

a. unakite

b. dickite

c. moolooite

d. fukalite

13. Carbonatite lava flows at __________.

a. Oldoinyu Lengai

b. Oldoinyu Lengaii

c. Ol Doinyo Lengu

d. Oldoinyo Lengai

14. An extremely interesting rock of lapidary material from the Skardu area of Northern Pakistan displays a bright white color that contains sharply contrasting orbs of bright blue azurite

a. K2 Granite

b. K-Jasper

c. Raindrop Malachi

d. K2 –Azurite

15. A gem material born about 15mya when a pair asteroids struck Europe

a. cinder glass

b. mootiite

c. moldavite

d. cummingtonite

16. Terrestrial rocks that are physically altered by the tremendous heat, pressure and shockwaves associated with very large meteorite impacts are known as _________.

a. astrobleme

b. star wound

c. impactites

d. astroblast

17. In the summer of 1945, the US Government detonated the world's first atomic bomb at the Trinity test site in New Mexico. What do you call the frothy green glass produced by the intense heat generated by the explosion that fused the desert sand?

a. Trinitie

b. Libyan Desert Glass

c. Darwin Glass

d. Moldavite

18. This is the major mafic mineral in intrusive rocks.

a. biotite

b. olivine

c. pyroxene

d. hornblende

19. The anorthosite varieties of igneous rocks are composed of more than __________

a 80% plag

b. 90% plag

c. 80% biotite

d. 90% biotite

20. Igneous rock comprised of almost 90% quartz

a. silexite

b. syenites

c. tonalite

d. monzonite

21.Peridotite are rocks that contains mostly _______________

a. pyroxene and olivine

b. ca-clinopyroxene and olivine

c. orthopyroxene and olivine

d. olivine and hornblende

22. The dominant mafic mineral in gabbro is ___________

a. olivine

b. pyroxene

c. amphibole

d. biotite

23. This is a group of rocks that includes syenite, monzonite, trachyte, latite, phonolite and feldspathoid-bearing rocks which also has a compositional characteristic of an abundance in K and Na.

a. feldspathoids

b. alkaline

c. mafic

d. felsic

24. Feldspathoid minerals include ____________

a. sodalite and leucite

b. nepheline and leucite

c. sodalite, leucite and nepheline

d. none of the above

25. These rocks are said to be produced from the last residual magma in a crystallizing granitic pluton. Less common elements such as Li, B, Be, F and U have been concentrated.

a. aplite

b.pegmatite

c. syenite

d. monzonite

26. A variety of processes operate on the magma to yield a great diversity of resulting rocks. This does not include:

a. partial melting

b. crystal settling

c. magma mixing

d. assimilation

27. The plagioclase common in pelitic metamorphic rocks subjected to relatively low-grade metamorphism

a. albite

b. oligoclase

c. andesine

d. bytownite

28. This plagioclase may be found in metamorphosed carbonates and amphibolite

a. andesine

b. labradorite

c. bytownite

d. anorthite

29. The common K-feldspar in silicic volcanic rocks such as rhyolite, rhyodacite, phonolite and trachyte.

a. sanidine

b. orthoclase

c. microcline

d. anorthoclase

30. A k-feldspar found in Na-rich felsic volcanics such as alkali rhyolite, trachyte, phonolite and equivalent hypabyssal intrusives

a. sanidine

b. orthoclase

c. microcline

d. anorthoclase

31. Leucite, nepheline and sodalite are known as feldspathoid minerals. The magma from where this minerals comes from are uncommon. What rock types do they usually occur?

a. those that have a primary association with quartz

b. rocks that have a minute difference in Na and K amount compare to silica

c. rocks that are alkali rich and silica poor

d. rocks that are alkali rich and silica rich

32. Rocks with high silica content will be expected to have ____________ as their zeolites

a. thomsonite and scolecite

b. mordenite and clinoptilolite

c. chabazite and analcime

d. heulandite and phillipsite

33. Conglomerate is a common rock type easily recognized by its large rounded clasts. What do you call a conglomerate consisting of rounded to subrounded fragments of andesite, basalt, limestone and dacite that are clast supported?

a. oligomictic paraconglomerate

b. monomictic orthoconglomerate

c. polymictic orthoconglomerate

d. oligomictic orthoconglomerate

34. A class of ultrabasic rocks consisting of 90% or more ferromagnesian minerals and up to 10% feldspar.

a. basanite

b. silexite

c. picrite

d. essexite

35. This rock has a large variation in grain size from powderlike grains up to clasts of several meters. It is sometimes referred to as boulder clay.

a. gritstone

b. tillite

c. cumulate rock

d. orthoquartzite

36. In metamorphic rock naming, if the protolith is known to be of an igneous origin, ____________ is used as a prefix.

a. para-

b. ortho-

c. blasto-

d. meta-

37. The textural term used for sandstone is:

a. rudite

b. arenite

c. argillite

d. subgreywackes

38. This sandstone has a distinct green color because of the presence of the iron mineral glauconite.

a. arkose

b. flagstone

c. greensand

d. greenate

39. This is a type of sandstone rich in small, flat-lying grains of mica, chiefly muscovite, which may sparkle as they reflect light.

a. arkose

b. flagstone

c. greensand

d. greenate

40. This is a rock that is more or less synonymous with injection gneiss. This is considered to be a mixed rock.

a. microlite

b. mylonite

c. cataclasite

d. migmatite

41. A coarse-grained syenite consisting largely of anorthoclase feldspar showing blue schillerisation.

a. Lardalite

b. Laurdalite

c. Larkivite

d. Larvikite

42. A mylonite in which recrystallization or growth of new minerals has taken place.

a. waltonite

b. tetracoralla

c. phyllonite

d. picotite

43. Aplites are associated with pegmatites and are commonly found with it. It has been suggested that it formed from a residual magma low in volatiles thus promoting fineness of grains. It has an uncommon porphyritic variety called _____________.

a. alsbachite

b. beerbachite

c. eulysite

d. foyaite

44. Logically speaking, minerals associated with granites should have Na-bearing plagioclase. A variety of granite known as ______________, contains a Ca-bearing plagioclase, usually oligoclase and a K-felds in roughly equal amounts. This rock, by decreasing quartz amount will grade into monzonite.

a. riebeckite

b. rockallite

c. toscanite

d. adamellite

45. Granulites are metamorphic rocks of regional metamorphic origin having a granular texture. It is usually consists of feldspar, pyroxenes and garnets. Its streaked or banded varieties are called:

a.leptites

b. spessartite

c. fenite

d. Both a and b

46. A concavo-convex body of igneous rock which is anticlinal in form and generally assumed that the intrusion happened during folding and were deformed along with enclosing sedimentary rock

a. laccolith

b. lopolith

c. phacolith

d. bysmalith

47. A term applied to an assemblage of sed rocks where iron is present in the form red ferric hydroxide

a. red beds

b. reduction lithostat

c. red sed

d. cornstones

48. Spessartite is a manganese garnet. A rock with the same name is a/an:

a. ignimbrite

b. lamprophyre

c. granulite

d. blueschist

49. Liptobioliths includes:

a. peat and coal

b. bitumen and kerogen

c. waxes and spores

d. fossil grains and resins

50. In the field, what do you call a limited area of younger rocks completely surrounded by older rocks?

a. klippe

b. nappe

c. overburden

d.outlier

51. The process by which the Earth divided up into layers with different densities is called:

a. diffusion

b. layering

c. densification

d. differentiation

52. Rocks of the continents are enriched in the elements of ___________

a. silicon and iron

b. iron and magnesium

c. silicon and aluminium

d. magnesium and aluminium

53. The radiometric clock for dating rocks is set when:

a. the rock crystallizes and cool down

b. mass spectrometer analysis begin

c. the original elements formed by explosive nucleosynthesis in a supernova

d. the parent nuclide: daughter nuclide ratio is measured

54. Any substance where the atoms are arranged in a regular geometric pattern is:

a. a naturally occuring solid

b. a mineral

c. a substance formed through inorganic processes

d. a crystalline substance

55. Augite is a __________

a. isolated tetrahedral

b. single chain

c. double chain

d. sheet

56. Which of the following pairs of rock types have formed from magma having the same general composition?

a. granite and syenite

b. diorite and basanite

c. gabbro and basalt

d. peridotite and perovskite

57. The process by which a very hot magma may melt some of the surrounding country rock and incorporate the newly molten country rock material into the magma is called _______________.

a. fractional crystallization

b. differentiation

c. assimilation

d. orogenesis

58. What are the three major environments of deposition?

a. lacustrine, streams and ocean

b. marshes, beaches, marine shelves

c. marine, continental, transitional

d. continental shelf, continetal slope, abyssal plain

59. The sorting of sedimentary grains is an indication of:

a. energy of transportation

b. whether or not the sediments are clastic or chemical

c. cross bedding

d. all of the above

60. If two different sedimentary facies have different lithofacies then they cannot have the same biofacies

a. True

b. False

c. Lacks information

d. Probably

61. A continental margin is comprised of:

a. continental rise, continental slope, deep ocean basin

b. continental shelf, continental rise, deep ocean basin

c. continental rise, continental shelf, continental slope

d. continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise

62. The highest grade quality of coal is:

a. peat

b. sub-bituminous coal

c. lignite

d. bituminous coal

63. The correct sequence of events during the process of coalification is:

a. peat - lignite - bituminous coal - anthracite

b. peat - bituminous coal - lignite - anthracite

c. lignite - sub bituminous coal - bituminous coal - anthracite

d. lignite - bituminous coal – anthracite

64. They hypothesized the importance of hydrothermal solutions to deep-seated origin

a. Erzbirge and Montague

b. Delius and Brunner

c. Henkel and Zimmerman

d. Gerhard and Charpentier

65. He concluded that magmatic segregation is the explanation of how ore minerals became concentrated in definite in igneous rocks

a. Waldemar Lindgren

b. Scipione Breislak

c. Joseph Brunner

d. Abraham Werner

66. These are high temperature replacement bodies near the border zones of igneous intrusives.

a. epithermal deposit

b. mesothermal deposit

c. hypothermal deposit

d. pyrometasomatic deposit

67. Graton (1933) introduced this distinct group of deposits with features that indicated deposition of shallow depths from "nearly spent" solutions.

a. pneumatolytic

b. xenothermal

c. telethermal

d. hypolithic

68. This is a naturally occurring mobile rock material generated within the Earth and capable of intrusion and extrusion.

a. sill

b. dike

c. batholith

d. magma

69. These are oxide liguid droplets.

a. chalcophile

b. thiophile

c. siderophile

d. lithopile

70. Granites formed by the reconstitution of other rocks and are notably free of metallic concentrations.

a. palingenetic granites

b. phyllonetic granite

c. phragmaconic granite

d. plumasite

71. This is the collapse of wall rocks into gasfilled pockets

a. assimilation

b. tectonic squeezing

c. gas fluxion

d. filter pressing

72. This involves the relocation by differential tectonic pressure or by bouyancy of a differentiated, settled or filter-pressed magmatic liquid.

a. late-liquid gravitative accumulation

b. filter-pressing

c. magmatic injection

d. tectonic squeezing

73. Permeability is the capacity of a rock, a sediment or a soil to transmit a fluid. The porosity which is a part of the rock is during its formation is called _________

a. primary

b. secondary

c. induced

d. both a and c

74. Permeability and porosity both decreases with depth. The pressure of the overlying rocks tends to induced openings.

a. True

b. False

c. Only one statement is correct

d. No conclusion can be drawn

75. This is a major mechanism of mass transport in deep environments of restricted mechanical flow

a. replacement

b. ionic control

c. diffusion

d. dry diffusion

76. Transport is controlled largely by imperfections in crystal structure and temperature.

a. replacement

b. ionic control

c. diffusion

d. dry diffusion

77. This is the change in country rock wherein it became more receptive or more reactive to the ore-bearing solutions

a. fluid control

b. fluid assimilation

c. wall rock preparation

d. ground preparation

78. This are all type of preparing agent except

a. heat

b. pressure

c. fluid

d. tectonic

79. All are primary controls of fluid guide except:

a. clastic or autobrecciated limestone or dolomite

b. reefal structure

c. well-sorted conglomerate

d. tuffaceous lava flows

80. These are tabular bodies of ore and gangue minerals that are long in two dimensions and short in the third

a. pipes

b. diatremes

c. veins

d. fissure

81. These are 3D zone so laced with closely spaced irregular veinlets as to be pervasively fractured and commonly mineralized.

a. stockwork

b. ore shoots

c. manto

d. diatremes

82. These are flat, bedded and sheet-like deposit.

a. stockwork

b. ore shoots

c. manto

d. diatremes

83. A richer portions within veins, pipes or other ore forms.

a. stockwork

b. ore shoots

c. manto

d. diatremes

84. This is a high-velocity volcanic explosion vents formed where gases expand at explosive rates causing the gases and rock to rush violently upward

a. stockwork

b. ore shoots

c. manto

d. diatremes

85. When pressure is reduced over an already hot liquid, ____________ happens.

a. boiling

b. retrograde boiling

c. cognation

d. collinearing

86. ____________________ happens when the magma is in convective motion so that the specific gravity and grain size and shape variations lead to winnowing and selective deposition.

a. crystal settling

b. magmatic sedimentation

c. magmatic separation

d. direct crystallization

87. This is another term for replacement in minerals

a. open space filling

b. metasomatism

c. pseudomorphism

d. mimetic

88. This is a solution that is intermediate between true and colloidal ones.

a. semicolloidal

b. demicolloidal

c. mesocolloidal

d. hemicolloidal

89. The nature of alteration products depends on the following except:

a. character of the wallrock

b. basement rock

c. character of the invading fluid

d. temperature and pressure of the reaction

90. This is similar to advanced argillic or phyllic alteration but it contains more sericite or muscovite and no pyrophyllite

a. greisen

b. skarn

c. fenite

d. cordilleran vein

91. The more felsic the host rocks, the higher the overall sericite-to-chlorite ratio

a. True

b. False

c. Lacks information

d. Probably

92. These are minor chemical changes that are invisible to the eye

a. phase zoning

b. cryptic zoning

c. textural zoning

d. mineral zoning

93. This is a deposit where the minerals of one zone overlap those of another

a. distric zoning

b. dumping

c. telescoped

d. persistent

94. This is characterized by the mobilization of elements from one rock and their transportation elsewhere to be lodged in another

a. magmatic

b. diplogenic

c. lithogenic

d. sedimentogenic

95. This is characterized by a lead-zinc deposits formed by transport of Pb and Zn ions from a sed source into a new host to form Mississippi Valley-type deposits

a. magmatic

b. diplogenic

c. lithogenic

d. sedimentogenic

96. Components are partly syngenetic and partly epigenetic

a. magmatic

b. diplogenic

c. lithogenic

d. sedimentogenic

97. These are monomineralic plagioclase bodies which contains titanium, rutile, ilmenite and titanomagnetite

a. anorthosites

b. salpitites

c. titanorhosites

d. para-anorthosites

98. This deposit is the greatest in Earth when it comes to the reserves of Cr and the PGE metals (Pt, Pd, Os, Ir, Rh & Ru) and huge reserves of Fe, Ti, Vn and Sn.

a. Sudbury Irruptive

b. Steelprof Mainchromite seam

c. Leader Seam

d. Bushveld Igneous Complex

99. Deposits that are related to oceanic crust have three distinct layers. Which layer characterized a ~10km thick, vaguely layered, medium to coarse graine variably serpentinized dunites, peridotite, harzburgites, gabbros, norites, troctolites and chromatites?

a. Layer 1

b. Layer 2

c. Layer 3

d. I have no idea what you're saying

100. Island arcs and orogenic belts are the "homes" of calc-alkaline igneous compositions. Porphyry base-metal deposit is abundant in this setting.

a. True

b. False

c. Only one statement is correct

d. No conclusion can be drawn

FOR THE ANSWER KEY, KINDLY CHECK THIS. For effective reviewing, try to answer this first before getting the key.