GEOLOGY BOARD EXAM REVIEWER (PETROMIN) PHILIPPINES -PART 1-

The 2018 Geology Board Exam is getting closer and closer (it's in November!). Graduates from the five different school in the Philippines offering Geology are preparing for the review of their students. In lieu of this, I am sharing the reviewer I made last year when I took the board. This was also used by our little review group consisted of AdU and ParSU students.

Hope this helps.

Day 2 AdU x PSU Geology Review

Petrology and Mineralogy

Part 1

Name: ______________________________

Score: ___________/100

1. Symmetry element possible only in three dimension

a. rotation

b. mirror

c. inversion

d. translation

2. Lattices which only have nodes on the corners are called_______.

a. body centered

b. primitive

c. face-centered

d. centered

3. How many plane lattices are there?

a. 5

b. 6

c. 7

d. 8

4. How many unit meshes are there?

a. 3

b. 4

c. 5

d. 6

5. How many space lattices are there?

a. 12

b. 13

c. 14

d. 15

6. What is the other term for space lattices?

a. Miller-Bravais Lattice

b. Bravais Lattice

c. Unit cell lattice

d. Unit mesh lattice

7. How many space lattices are present in the orthorhombic system?

a. 4

b. 5

c. 6

d. 7

8. This symmetry deals how a motif can be repeated about a point.

a. Inversion Symmetry

b. Mirror Symmetry

c. Rotational Symmetry

d. Rotoinversion

9. How many space lattice/s is/are there for a triclinic system?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

10. Which one does not belong to the group?

a. Triclinic

b. Monoclinic

c. Orthorhombic

d. Tetragonal

11. Inversion symmetry is the same as _________

a. Body symmetry

b. Point symmetry

c. Center symmetry

d. Rotoinversion

12. The monoclinic system has an axes inclined at ______ and is _________ at β.

a. b & <90°

b. b & >90°

c. a & <90°

d. a & >90°

13. The triclinic system has no symmetry restrictions wherein its axes are not equal to one another. How do you distinguished then the c-axis in a mineral sample?

a. It is perpedicular to the prominent elongation (zone) defined by the crystal faces

b. It is perpendicular to the observed striations in the crystal faces

c. It is parallel to some prominent elongation (zone) defined by the crystal faces

d. It is parallel to the observed striations in the crystal faces

14. An aspect of rotation symmetry that has no symmetry at all (which is quite intriguing but logical.)

a. 1-fold

b. 2-fold

c. 3-fold

d. 4-fold

15. "Any line drawn through the origin will find identical features equidistant from the origin on opposite sides of the crystals." Nesse, 2010. This symmetry must past through the center and is called:

a. Rotation

b. Translation

c. Mirror

d. Inversion

16. Ā1 = й1 is the same as

a. Rotation

b. Translation

c. Mirror

d. Inversion

17. What symbol is used to specifically identify each of the 32 combinations of symmetry by convention?

a. Miller Indices

b. Miller-Bravais Indices

c. Hermann Manguin symbols

d. Miller-Manguin symbols

18. Who's the Father of Mathematical Crystallography?

a. Rene Juste Hauy

b. Rome d'Isle

c. Nicolas Steno

d. Berzelius

19. The father and son tandem who first used x-ray diffraction to determine the crystal structure of minerals?

a. Bragg

b. Berzelius

c. Manguin

d. Carangeot

20. This should be preserved in an appropriated repository for every mineral species discovered.

a. Type cast

b. Type mold

c. Type sample

d. Type preserved

21. Draw the symmetry symbol of of A3, 3m.

22. The relationship of the 32 point group and the 14 space lattices is not immediately obvious. Logically speaking, though, mineral displaying isometric point groups must utilize any isometric space lattice. This is true for every crystal system except ___________.

a. in the triclinic system. There is no restriction in its symmetry.

b. rhombohedral space lattices. This can only be used in the Trigonal division of the hexagonal system.

c. in the monoclinic system. Two fold rotation and/or a single mirror is also used in the triclinic.

d. in the isometric. It can be anything it want to be.

23. Compound symmetry operations make up the 230 space groups. Rotoinversion make up _______ while screw rotation (screw) & glide reflection (glide) make up ________.

a. 72 & 158

b. 73 & 157

c. 158 & 72

d. 157 & 73

24. A ______ is consists of a series of coprime integers that are inversely proportional to the intercepts of the crystal face or crystallographic plane with the edges of the unit cell.

a. Hauy's Number

b. Bravais' Index

c. Miller's Number

d. Miller Index

25. Developed to accommodate four-axis convention of the hexagonal system.

a. Larangais Supplementary Law

b. Larangais Axis

c. Miller- Bravais

d. Miller-Larangais

26. The symbol (111) is known as:

a. Unit cell

b. Unit mesh

c. Unit face

d. Crystallographic face

27. This is a collection of crystal faces all of which parallel to a common line called a zone of axes.

a. Axial surface

b. Axis

c. Zone

d. Axial plane

28. How many closed form is possible in the isometric system?

a. 12

b. 15

c. 18

d. 21

29. All have enantiomorphous form except:

a. Gyroid

b. Tetartoid

c. Hexagonal disphenoid

d. Trigonal Trapezahedron

30. Out of the 94 naturally occurring elements (Nesse, 2012), there are 11 elements which occurs only in very small amounts as short-lived radioactive isotopes produced by neutron capture or radioactive decay involving other elements. What do you call these elements

a. Geologically ephemeral elements

b. Geologically unstable lag isotopes

c. Terminally ephemeral elements

d. Second generation lag isotopes

31. Element that has the highest atomic number to have stable isotope.

a. Uranium

b. Rubidium

c. Potassium

d. Lead

32. Long considered to be a stable isotope but has recently been found to have a half-life of 1.9x10 raise to 19 years

a. 208 Bi

b. 209 Bi

c. 210 Bi

d. 211 Bi

33. The concept of electronegativity does not apply to ___________.

a. Noble gasses

b. Bivalent elements

c. Trivalent elements

d. All of the above

34. The most influential compilation made in 1924 by ____________ calculated an average composition of chemical elements in the crust based on 5159 high quality analyses of ignenous rocks. The samples are dominated by European & North American sources which only includes few sample representatives of ocean basins.

a. Taylor

b. Masons & Moore

c. Clarke & Washington

d. Taylor, Masons & Moore

35. What other elements are present in the oceanic crust other than the 8 abundant elements?

a. Mn & Ti

b. Mn & No

c. F & Ga

d. F & Ar

36. In the ionic bonding of NaCl, net force is zero when the centers of the ions are at a distance of about ______ angstrom.

a. 2.7

b. 2.6

c. 2.8

d. 2.9

37. In covalent bonding, more overlap yields stronger bonds.

a. True

b. False

c. Lacks information

d. Probably

38. In metallic bonding, this is the energy gap present in the inner subshells which is the reason why it has no electric conduction.

a. Milo everyday

b. band gap

c. bandwidth

d. band space

39. Metallic bonds involve matching specific orbitals on adjacent atoms and are therefore directional.

a. True

b. False

c. Lacks information

d. Probably

40. Metallic bonding have a common configuration based on hexagonal or cubic closet packing of spheres. This is the most compact ways to pack spheres of equal size together. This configuration allows metallic crystals to have:

a. Brittle manner

b. Low specific gravity

c. high density

d. magnetic attractions

41. Pauling's Rule is generally applicable to:

a. Covalent

b. Ionic

c. Metallic

d. All of the above

42. Increase of coordination number is proportional to the increase of the effective ionic radius.

a. True

b. False

c. Lacks information

d. Probably

43. Minerals which have a _________ develop low symmetry because of the geometric complexity involved with packing.

a. Anisodemic characteristic

b. mesodesmic characteristics

c. uniform bondstrength

d. nonuniform bondstrength

44. An example of the mesodesmic bonds wherein the anion-cation bond takes up exactly half of the available anion charge is __________.

a. hydrogen ion

b. Oxygen ion

c. silicon tetrahedra

d. fluorine ion

45. Two or more minerals whose atoms are arranged in the same type of crystal structures.

a. Isostructural

b. Isomorphs

c. isotypes

d. All of the above

46. In polymorphism, there are 4 different structural relationships. What characterized α-quartz and β-quartz?

a. reconstructive

b. displacive

c. order-disorder

d. polytypism

47. Polymorphic structural relationship which only differs in the stacking sequence.

a. reconstructive

b. displacive

c. order-disorder

d. polytypism

48. Polymorphic structural relationship characterized by an unquenchable conversion because it only involves distortion or bending.

a. reconstructive

b. displacive

c. order-disorder

d. polytypism

49. Slow cooling is one of the factor of this polymorphic structural relationship.

a. reconstructive

b. displacive

c. order-disorder

d. polytypism

50. Why are minerals group according to their anions?

a. Cation contents are quite variable

b. anion is typically restricted

c. anionic group often have clear family relations in terms of structures, physical and chemical properties

d. All of the above

51. How many nonsilicate groups currently exist>

a. 7

b. 18

c. 19

d. 20

52. In substitution solid solution, 2 or more elements that can occupy the same structural site are known to be _________

a. diadochic

b. substrates

c. substates

d. diatomic

53. The overgrowth of hematite (Fe2O3) on magnetite (Fe3O4) is an example of:

a. Homogenous nucleation

b. Epitaxial nucleation

c. heterogenous nucleation

d. both A and B

54. Real crystals always contain a variety of irregularities or defects that can influence their properties. This/ese defect/s is/are ________.

a. Point

b. Line

c. Plane

d. All of the above

55. This is the combination of the crystallographic plane & the slip direction during ductile deformation.

a. ductile slippage zone

b. slip system

c. deformational system

d. ductile slippage system

56. Process wherein a material is heated to allow the crystal structure to rearrange itself to remove dislocations.

a. work harden

b. annealing

c. buergers fixation

d. screw slippage

57. Symmetrical intergrowth of two or more crystal segments of the same mineral.

a. auxilliary growth

b. growth

c. twinning

d. growth mineral

58. The geometrical relationships between the lattices in two adjacent parts of a twinned crystals is of course rational. The different possible relationships are referred to as:

a. manebach law

b. bravado law

c. twin law

d. identity law

59. Surface manifestation of the polysynthetic twinning in a plagioclase surface.

a. striation

b. cleavage

c. fracturing

d. basal cleavage

60. According to Hazen & Ferry, 2010 & Hazen and others, 1998, how many major eras the Earth's mineralogical history can be divided to?

a. 2

b. 3

c. 4

d. 5

61. Meteorites that document melting and segregation in planetisimals consisting of olivine crystals in an iron-nickel matrix are called___________

a. chondrites

b. stony irons

c. achondrites

d. pallasites

62. This is a convenient means of measuring how tightly the ions in a mineral are packed together.

a. interstitial index

b. schottky index

c. packing index

d. frenkel index

63. The close-packed structures of uniform spheres have 74% of their crystal structure consists of ions. The remaining space is equivalent to the_____________.

a. porosity

b. lattice

c. translation vector point

d. pervasive unit

64. Most ionic minerals have an index less than 74. This is an indication that the anion framework is more open to accommodate cations.

a. True

b. False

c. Lacks information

d. Probably

65. Kyanite is the high pressure polymorph Al2SiO5

a. True

b. False

c. Lacks information

d. Probably

66. Which olivine end-member has a higher specific gravity?

a. Fayalite

b. Forsterite

c. They have the same specific gravity because they can interchange their ions.

d. This is a nonsensical question

67. Another routine means of estimating specific gravity other than the Jolly Balance and the pychnometer is via comparison to liquids whose specific gravity is known. These heavy liquids do not include:

a. Diodomethane

b. Chloroformate bisulfate

c. Bromoform

d. Lithium metatungstate

68. Based on symmetry considerations, the hardness of all nonisometric  minerals should vary somewhat with direction, although the variation may not be easily noticed.

a. True

b. False

c. Lacks information

d. Probably

69. An alternative and more quantitative hardness measure than the Mohs scale of hardness is _______________.

a. indentation hardness

b. vickers hardness

c. huggens hardness

d. clarke hardness

70. Cleavage planes/cleavages are controlled by structure and symmetry and are always crystallographic planes. Therefore, they may be identified with the Millers indices.

a. True

b. False

c. Lacks information

d. Probably

71. Cleavages are typically described in terms of the crystal form to which they are parallel.

a. True

b. False

c. Lacks information

d. Probably

72. Collection of cleavage planes related by point group symmetry of the mineral

a. crystal plane

b. cleavage form

c. cleavage plane

d. cleavage surface

73. This refers to a breakage of a mineral without obvious crystallographic control

a. cleavage

b. sectility

c. parting

d. fracturing

74. What is the velocity of light in a vacuum?

a. 3 x 10 raised to 17 nm/sec

b. 3 x 10 raised to 18 nm/sec

c. 1.7 x 10 raised to 30 nm/sec

d. 1.7 x 10 raised to 31 nm/sec

75. Light behaves as _____________

a. wave

b. particle

c. both a and b

d. none of the above

76. Visible light have wavelengths between about ____________ nm (violet light) and __________ nm (red light)

a. 700; 400

b. 400; 700

c. 600; 500

d. 500; 600

77. Light velocity increases as mineral density increases

a. True

b. False

c. Lacks information

d. Probably

78. This is the ratio of light velocity in a vacuum to the light velocity in the minerals

a. interference colors

b. birefringence

c. relief

d. index of refraction

79. In general, minerals dominated by ionic covalent bonding are transparent whereas minerals with metallic bonding are opaque

a. True

b. False

c. Lacks information

d. Probably

80. High index of refraction is associated with a more brilliant luster.

a. True

b. False

c. Lacks information

d. Probably

81. Minerals with dominantly covalent or ionic bonds are eletrical insulators because the electrons are tightly constrained to particular atoms/ions in the structure and therefore are not free to move in response to an applied electrical voltage

a. True

b. False

c. Lacks information

d. Probably

82. If a change in temperature causes displacement of positive and negative charges and the development of a voltage, the crystal is said to be________________.

a. piezoelectric

b. pyroelectric

c. electrically conducive

d. none of the above

83. Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni & Cu are known as _____________

a. early transition metals

b. chromopore elements

c. late transition metals

d. helic elements

84. A specialized intrument that utilized polarized light to allow measurement of a variety of optical properties.

a. petrographic microscope

b. Rietveld microscope

c. Hanawalt microscope

d. Fink microscope

85. Light behaves both  as a wave and a particle. The phenomena of polarization, reflection, refraction and interference is very effectively described by _________.

a. particle theory

b. wave theory

c. both a and b

d. meh

86. This is a surface that connects the same points on adjacent waves.

a. wavelength

b. light ray

c. wave front

d. wave normal

87. This is a line drawn at right angles to the wave front.

a. wavelength

b. light ray

c. wave front

d. wave normal

88. This is the propagation direction of the light energy.

a. wavelength

b. light ray

c. wave front

d. wave normal

89. This is the distance between successive wave crests.

a. wavelength

b. light ray

c. wave front

d. wave normal

90. In general, the wave normal and the path of the light ray coincide only in materials in which light velocity is uniform in all directions

a. True

b. False

c. Lacks information

d. Probably

91. Vibration of this light is constrained to lie in a single plane and is represented by a simple sine wave.

a. unpolarized light

b. plane polarized light

c. cross polarized light

d. conoscopic light

92. The amount of light that is reflected increases with higher index of refraction

a. True

b. False

c. Lacks information

d. Probably

93. This is the angle of incidence that yields an angle of refraction of 90 degrees.

a. total internal angle

b. snell's angle

c. fresnel angle

d. critical angle

94. Red light is more strongly refracted than violet light

a. True

b. False

c. Lacks information

d. Probably

95. Part of the petrographic microscope that aligned the light which passes thru it in an east-west direction

a. condensing lens

b. auxilliary condensing lens

c. lower polarizer

d. upper polarizer

96. Serves to concentrate and focus the light from the illuminator; the illumination provided by it is termed as orthoscopic illumination because the light reaching the sample is nearly parallel

a. condensing lens

b. auxilliary condensing lens

c. lower polarizer

d. upper polarizer

97. Used to provide conoscopic illumination which consists of strongly convergent light

a. condensing lens

b. auxilliary condensing lens

c. lower polarizer

d. upper polarizer

98. When this is inserted, the polarizers are said to be crossed

a. condensing lens

b. auxilliary condensing lens

c. lower polarizer

d. upper polarizer

99. One or two directions where the light passing through an anisotropic mineral is not split into two rays

a. optic axes

b. sigma line

c. omega line

d. melatope

100. Produced as a consequence of light being split into two rays on passing through a mineral

a. birefringence

b. index of refraction

c. interference color

d. pleochroism

FOR THE ANSWER KEY, KINDLY CHECK THIS. For effective reviewing, try to answer this first before getting the key.